Connect your IoT device to the cloud - Virtual IoT Hardware and Raspberry Pi

In this part of the lesson, you will connect your virtual IoT device or Raspberry Pi to your IoT Hub, to send telemetry and receive commands.

Connect your device to IoT Hub

The next step is to connect your device to IoT Hub.

Open the soil-moisture-sensor folder in VS Code. Make sure the virtual environment is running in the terminal if you are using a virtual IoT device.
Install some additional Pip packages:
```
pip3 install azure-iot-device
```
azure-iot-device is a library to communicate with your IoT Hub.
Add the following imports to the top of the app.py file, below the existing imports:
```
from azure.iot.device import IoTHubDeviceClient, Message, MethodResponse
```
This code imports the SDK to communicate with your IoT Hub.
Remove the import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt line as this library is no longer needed. Remove all the MQTT code including the topic names, all code that uses mqtt_client and the handle_command. Keep the while True: loop, just delete the mqtt_client.publish line form this loop.
Add the following code below the import statements:
```
connection_string = "<connection string>"
```
Replace <connection string> with the connection string you retrieved for the device earlier in this lesson.

💁 This is not best practice. Connection strings should never be stored in source code, as this can be checked into source code control and found by anyone. We are doing this here for the sake of simplicity. Ideally you should use something like an environment variable and a tool like python-dotenv. You will learn more about this in an upcoming lesson.

Below this code, add the following to create a device client object that can communicate with IoT Hub, and connect it:

device_client = IoTHubDeviceClient.create_from_connection_string(connection_string)

print('Connecting')
device_client.connect()
print('Connected')

Run this code. You will see your device connect.

pi@raspberrypi:~/soil-moisture-sensor $ python3 app.py 
Connecting
Connected
Soil moisture: 379

Now that your device is connected, you can send telemetry to the IoT Hub instead of the MQTT broker.

Your device needs to handle a command from the server code to control the relay. This is sent as a direct method request.

Add the following code before the while True loop:
```
def handle_method_request(request):
    print("Direct method received - ", request.name)

    if request.name == "relay_on":
        relay.on()
    elif request.name == "relay_off":
        relay.off()    
```
This defines a method, handle_method_request, that will be called when a direct method is called by the IoT Hub. Each direct method has a name, and this code expects a method called relay_on to turn the relay on, and relay_off to turn the relay off.

💁 This could also be implemented in a single direct method request, passing the desired state of the relay in a payload that can be passed with the method request and available from the request object.
Direct methods require a response to tell the calling code that they have been handled. Add the following code at the end of the handle_method_request function to create a response to the request:
```
method_response = MethodResponse.create_from_method_request(request, 200)
device_client.send_method_response(method_response)
```
This code sends a response to the direct method request with an HTTP status code of 200, and sends this back to the IoT Hub.
Add the following code below this function definition:
```
device_client.on_method_request_received = handle_method_request
```
This code tells the IoT Hub client to call the handle_method_request function when a direct method is called.

💁 You can find this code in the code/pi or code/virtual-device folder.

😀 Your soil moisture sensor program is connected to your IoT Hub!